Define SIADH and identify any patient characteristics that may have contributed to the development of SIADH

SIADH happens when increased ADH is produced in the body, causing water retention and electrolyte imbalance. Hypothalamus produces ADH, and the posterior pituitary secretes and stores ADH. ADH regulates water in the body through water retention, and it constricts blood vessels. It accomplishes this with kidneys. ADH causes renal tubules to retain water. An increased level of ADH causes extra water retention in the body, resulting in hyponatremia with hypo-osmolality and high urine osmolality.

Causes of SIADH can be damage to the hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland or ADH being produced somewhere else. The symptoms continue to become more severe if the SIADH goes untreated, including confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and even coma. Based on the patient history, this patient has emphysema and currently smokes 40 packs of tobacco a year. The current lab work shows that patient’s carbon dioxide level is elevated at 37. The normal range for serum carbon dioxide is 23-29. Also, their sodium level is abnormal at 116. The normal range of serum sodium ranges between 135-and 145. When the serum sodium level is too low, the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) diagnosis is possible

SIADH is a group of symptoms that occurs when antidiuretic hormone (ADH, arginine vasopressin) is secreted in the absence of osmotic or physiologic stimuli. These stimuli include: Increased serum osmolality, decreased plasma volume, and hypotension. A decrease in plasma osmolality normally inhibits ADH production and secretion. SIADH is characterized by fluid retention, dilutional hyponatremia, hypochloremia, concentrated urine, and lack of intravascular volume depletion. SIADH is characterized by normal to increased blood volume in normoproteinemia, nonedematous, and hyponatremic patients with normal renal and endocrine function.