Introduction
The process of building a peaceful society after a destructive civil war baffles policy makers, academics as well as statesmen. The world has been struggling to control civil wars all over. There have been civil wars in Congo, Afghanistan, Iraq, Sudan and the present war in Syria. Although these wars differ in perspective and in ideology, there has been a constant need to provide peaceful solutions to such wars. Peace building initiatives proceed with the provision of essential services to the demolishing of negative influences of opposing sides. Other initiatives revolve around the disarming of forces, construction of new constitutions and joint development of plans.
In relation to the Balkan war, various initiatives had an impact in the peace building at the ex-Yugoslavian region. This peace agreement relates to the success of the Dayton agreement that ended the civil war. The Dayton agreement perhaps had its importance in peace building in the region. The agreement acquires the name from where it was signed. It was signed by the opposing sides of the conflict at an Air Force Base near Ohio, Dayton.
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There is a need for humans to solve their conflicts in humane ways. The point of shedding blood does not solve issues, it further aggravates situations. Therefore, war antagonists need to understand the perspectives of their opponents. This understanding, assists individuals grasp the pains, ambitions, trauma and the thinking of their opponents (Stedman, Rothchild, and Cousen, 2002).
History of the Balkan Wars
The history of the Balkan wars relates to two wars that took place in the Balkan Peninsula between 1912 and 1913. This war depicts two wars where, in the first war four states came in unison defeating the Ottoman Empire. In relation to the second war, Bulgaria lost almost all of its holding in Europe. There has been a growing ideology all over the world to the destruction of dictators and such governments. It is part of human nature not to be destroyed or dominated by such regimes (Tomasevich, 2001). However, one needs to have a deeper meaning on dictatorship. Dictatorship is not only denying individuals their rights by use of force, states may also deny citizens their rights by using dictatorial ideologies without use of force.
In the early years of the 1990s, history did repeat itself. The Balkan countries of the Yugoslavian state fell again. The region witnessed ethnic wars that resulted in ethnic cleansing and a wide spread genocide across this region of Europe. This new war differed from the old one in terms of ideology and the methods of fighting. This war came as a result, of modern ideologies on nationalism. On the other hand, the war depicted wishes of some politicians whereas media transformed it to a higher perspective (Paris, 2004). As the economy of the state came under pressure, majority ethnic groups fought for independence from the state. This struggle of independence on the other hand, led to minorities being victimized. Being paranoid and armed members of the minority ethnic groups stirred into action one of the most catastrophic wars of Europe. The war constituted of wars between the Croat, Serbs and the Muslims. At the end of this war, thousands of people died from all political sides, properties lost and interactions destroyed (Lampe, 2000).
The world understands the impact Nazi rule has on world history; there is the need to consider other influences that arise from communist rule. Communist governments are seen as agents of oppression as well as oppression. Leaders in these governments have for decades imposed dictatorial techniques on their subjects in pretext of liberation. A closer look at the Balkan war reveals that by the 20th century Greece, Montenegro, Serbia and Bulgaria was independent from the Ottoman Empire.
However during this period majority of their ethnic population remained under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. After gaining independence from the empire, these countries joined forces to form the Balkan League. The interaction of these countries then resulted in the first war. Speaking of wars, one can state that wars always have its reasons and causes. The reasons for the Balkan war was that the Ottoman Empire was seen as unable to solve problems of the rising numbers of ethnic populations, member countries of the Balkan league saw that the empire was un able to reform its activities and that the regime did not govern satisfactorily.
On the other hand, great powers in the empire began to have disagreements which led to poor creation of development plans and reforms. As a result of these influences, the Balkan war broke out resulting in deaths and despair amo
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