two main factors that may have contributed to mental illness. Firstly, it views the patients as
emotionally vulnerable because minor stressors cause extreme anxiety. Further, this treatment
approach recognizes that the patient grew up in a setting where their emotions were
disregarded, which makes them feel guilty or worthless for having such emotions.
Consequently, therapy mainly focuses on validation and dialectics. Validation helps
patients appreciate that their emotions are real, valid, and highly acceptable (Avramchuk &
Hlyvanska, 2018). Further, dialectics helps the patients become more open and receptive to
ideas and opinions contradicting norms. In other words, it helps restore the sense of value in
the patients. DBT has four main modules: mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotional
regulation, and distress tolerance. Mindfulness helps the patients become self-aware of their
thoughts and emotions.
Further, in emotional regulation, the clients undertake emotional management
sessions and coping strategies. Finally, the patients also undertake sessions of distress
tolerance. Here, they are taught how to manage overwhelming thoughts and challenging
situations in everyday life (Cai et al., 2022). This therapy is the most effective in the
treatment of BPD. This is because it focuses on helping the clients accept their emotions and
develop coping strategies
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