Explain how acid-base physiology leads to the regulation of fluid balance and extracellular PH

Explain how acid-base physiology leads to the regulation of fluid balance and extracellular PH

The carbon dioxide formed during cellular respiration combines with water to create carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion. To maintain the body’s normal pH (7.35-7.45) the H+ must be neutralized by the retention of bicarbonate or excreted. Every organ system of the human body relies on pH balance; Acid-base homeostasis is the regulation of the PH of the extracellular fluid (ECF). The proper balance between the acids and bases in the ECF is crucial for the normal physiology of the body (McCance & Huether, 2019). The pH of the ICF and the extracellular fluid need to be maintained at a constant level however, chemical buffer systems (bicarbonate buffer systems, phosphate buffer systems, and protein buffer systems ), the renal system, and the pulmonary system are the main modulators. The renal system affects pH by reabsorbing bicarbonate and the pulmonary system adjusts pH using carbon dioxide; upon expiration, carbon dioxide is projected into the environment. (McCance & Huether, 2019). Cells are surrounded by fluids that require a balance of electrolytes and acid-base concentration. Any changes within the electrolyte concentration directly affect the nerve and muscle cells’ electrical activity and cause fluid to shift from one compartment to another. Body fluids are distributed within the body space and provide a means of transportation for cellular and tissue function. According to Seifter & Chang (2017), the control of acid-base, osmolality, ECF volume, and Na, Cl, and K balance are all interconnected.