How Ethical Issues Create Pressures or Constraints on Digital Organizations or IT Use

How Ethical Issues Create Pressures or Constraints on Digital Organizations or IT Use

Codes of ethics were in IT were created to ensure the effective and safe use of the technology. One of the known ethical principles created to oversee the IT infrastructure’s ethical use is privacy and confidentiality. This ethical principle was developed to prevent digital organizations from interfering with their clients’ privacy (Ren & Jackson, 2020).

Another ethical principle is autonomy. This principle prevents organizations from sharing clients’ identities with unauthorized people without the clients’ explicit permission. Though these ethical codes have ensured accountable use of collected data, they have also created constraints or pressures the organizations that limited their abilities to use the IT infrastructure.

First, privacy and confidentiality can hinder information sharing in that many protocols are involved in seeking consent on whether to use the data. Second, ethical issues have also stipulated the kind of information that should be gathered and stored. For instance, organizations cannot ask their workers about sexual orientation or health status, even if the information is relevant to the institution.

Someh et al. (2019) argue that ethical issues can make it hard for IT experts to use the infrastructures if they do not adhere to stipulated ethical principles and regulations. The authors note that getting approval from authorized agencies to use the IT infrastructure can take time and hinder its use.

Major Managerial Activities Supported or Enabled by IT

IT has greatly impacted the roles of managers. According to Karami, Samimi, and Ja’fari (2020), the key managerial tasks include planning, leading, organizing, leading, and controlling. IT has improved the efficiency of managers regarding these tasks in the following ways. First, IT has improved the accuracy and reliability of planning. Karami et al. (2020) note that IT has improved planning accuracy by providing managers with accurate and credible data they can use in making effective decisions during planning.

IT has provided managers with data on stock, sales, and production, and this information can guide their critical thinking on the approach to take during planning (Turban et al., 2015). Through IT, managers can collaborate with other leaders and stakeholders within the organization to discuss and decide on better plans through a network.

IT has also improved managers’ organization role. IT systems, such as Project Management Software, have helped review, assess, evaluating, and delegating tasks. The technology has also helped managers keep track of and performance of their employees. Space management software has helped managers keep their workplace organized, helping them utilize office space (Karami et al., 2020). IT has also supported controlling, one of the roles of managers. Through IT, managers have gained access to data to compare performance to standards, measure performance, and rate workers who have performed well.

Concepts Behind Web-Based System and Information Infrastructure

Web-based IT systems are information systems that apply internet technologies to deliver services and information to users or other applications. The key objective of web-based systems is to deliver data through hypertext-based principles (Abd Wahab, 2016). Web-information system comprises one or more web apps that function together with both formation and non-web components to deliver information. There are two key concepts of web-based systems, and they include database and web browser.

Wen browser is an app used to access data on the world wide web. In other words, the component is used to retrieve data on WWW and then displays it on the user’s device page. The database is used to store and analyze data to be displayed on the web page. Platforms and databases are the major components of web-based systems. Platforms are used to display websites, while the database is used for data management. Another fundamental component of a web-based system is internet connectivity.

Turban et al. (2015) argue that there must be internet connectivity for a web-based system to be hosted on a cloud-based system. Digital organizations can access internet connectivity if a form of Wi-Fi from telecommunication companies providing data services. Computers, mobile phones, and laptops are other components of web-based systems.

Conclusion

IT has made great impacts on digital o