With most societies trying to cope with the increasing demand for health resources, the issue then becomes how to assess the comparative importance of risks to health and their outcomes in different demographic groups of the population. This leads to the development of a principal framework known as the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) which can be used as a guideline for organisations such as the Chan-Zukerberg Initiative.The Chan-Zukerberg initiative plan has set a long term commitment to eliminate, prevent and manage all diseases with a focal point on creating tools and technologies to detect, respond, treat and prevent all diseases before the end of the century through a collaborative research (Hayden,2016). With this initiative’s long-term objective, this report attempts to bring to attention the role the GBD study; as a tool for assessing the performance of the health system and the role of Disability – adjusted life years (DALY). Furthermore, using its findings to advice the initiative on the best possible approach(es) to allocate its funds to combat the global health issue before the end of the century. Section One 1.1 Current Situation; The Global Burden of Disease Study The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) is a systematic, scientific effort to quantify the comparative magnitude of health loss due to diseases, injuries and risk factors by age, sex, and geography for specific points in time (Murray et al, 2012). Global Burden of Disease Essay
An important project spearheaded by some of the World Health Organization (WHO) staff in the 1990s was to measure the global “burden of disease” – that is, the contributions of diseases, injuries, and risk factors such as tobacco smoking to ill health. This international effort continues at several institutions and especially in the work of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). At the risk of implying more cohesiveness and unity than is in fact the case, I shall refer to these researchers as “the GBD team.” To measure the global burden of disease, the GBD team has attempted to generate summary measures of overall population health and to measure the health effects of diseases by means of these summary measures. The GBD team hopes that these summary measures will serve other purposes, such as identifying locations where health is particularly bad, assisting research, and guiding the allocation of health-related resources ([1]), but this essay is concerned mainly with the attempt to measure the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors.Global Burden of Disease Essay
In particular, this essay asks whether the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors should be understood in terms of their consequences for health, as maintained by the GBD team, or in terms of their consequences for well-being, as argued by John Broome [2]. I answer that the burden of disease should be understood in terms of the consequences of disease for health, and I defend the wider efforts to measure health by many others who are in other ways skeptical of detailed features of the GBD team’s projects.Global Burden of Disease Essay
The view of the burden of disease shared by the GBD team and by most others who have attempted to measure health starts with conceptualizing a person’s health over a time period in terms of the sequence of their health states. People’s health states are defined in turn by their functional deficiencies (such as cognitive problems, limitations to mobility or agility, sensory deficiencies, or affective disorders), and by aspects of their subjective states, such as pain and depression. Diseases, injuries, and risk factors, like health interventions, change the distribution of health states within a population. This framework abstracts as far as possible from the debates concerning the concept of health. It is compatible with the so-called “biostatistical view” defended by Christopher Boorse ([3–6]) and the related views defended by Jerome Wakefield ([7, 8]). But is also compatible with many more evaluative views of health. (For general discussions of the concept of health see [9] and [10].) The burden of disease understood concretely is the contrast between the distribution of health states due to some disease or risk factor and a state of complete health. Without a scalar measure of the change in health states, there is however no unambiguous way to compare the burdens of different causes of ill health. So what is called the burden of disease is some scalar measure of the departure from full health due to disease.Global Burden of Disease Essay
The GBD team, unlike those who have generated health measurement schemes such as the EQ-5D or the Health Utilities Index (HUI), has hoped literally to measure the quantity of health. For example, Mathers et al. [11], p. 324 write, “The healt
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