It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse to demonstrate an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiological processes of disease, the clinical manifestations and treatment protocols, and how they affect clients across the life span. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J., presented below. Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below. Case Study: Mrs. J. Assignment

It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse to demonstrate an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiological processes of disease, the clinical manifestations and treatment protocols, and how they affect clients across the life span. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J., presented below. Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below. Case Study: Mrs. J. Assignment

Introduction

This paper analyzes the case of a 63-year-old patient named Mrs. J. it discusses her clinical manifestations, appropriates of nursing interventions, cardiovascular conditions that can lead to heart failure, potential triggers of COPD, and health promotion and restoration teaching plan. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information.

Clinical Manifestations Present In Mrs. J.

Clinical manifestations include the patient’s subjective data and clinician’s objective data. In the case of Mrs. J, the clinical manifestations are a racing heart, fever, malaise, hypotension, a productive cough, shortness of breath (SOB), and tachycardia. Additional clinical manifestations present in Mrs. J include decreased right lower lobe breath sounds, pulmonary crackles, hepatomegaly, and a productive blood-stained cough. The findings of a distant S1, S2, and S3 where the latter I highly suggestive of cardiac pathology is also a clinical manifestation. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information.

The extent of Appropriateness of Nursing Interventions

Upon admission, the nurse intervened by administering several medications to control her symptoms. One of the drugs administered was furosemide, a loop diuretic that was appropriate for the management of fluid retention.  Furosemide increases the urinary secretion of excess salts and fluids. The nurse also administered Vasotec, an ACE inhibitor that lowers blood pressure by decreasing fluid volume in blood by inhibiting the production of ACE and angiotensin II (Barberio & Gomella, 2015). Metoprolol, a beta-blocker used in the management of angina, hypertension, and heart failure was appropriately administered to decrease cardiac output by relaxing blood vessels during rest and exercise to reduce chest pains. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information.

Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic. It acts by inhibiting neurotransmitters release to relieve anxiety, pain, and restlessness. However, in patients experiencing anxiety and SOB, morphine s effective for managing the effects of decreased myocardial oxygen demand. ProAir HFA, an albuterol inhaler, is a short-acting inhaled bronchodilator that relaxes airway smooth muscles to improve airflow and quick relief at a time when she was experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD (Barberio & Gomella, 2015). The nurse also administered supplemental oxygen to decrease the severity of the SOB experienced by the patient evidenced by an oxygen saturation level of 92%. Flovent HFA, an inhaled corticosteroid that decreases inflammation of the airway in COPD patients was appropriately administered to help relieve her symptoms of a productive cough, and SOB. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information.

Cardiovascular Conditions That May Lead to Heart Failure

Four major conditions that can result in heart failure include hypertension, MI (myocardial infarction), CAD (coronary artery disease), heart defects, or abnormal heart valves. Nurses can counsel patients with abnormal heart valves to consider undergoing surgery on valve replacement. For hypertensive patients, nurses should encourage them to comply with medications, and lifestyle modification (regular physical exercise, and healthy nutrition including a DASH diet) (Inamdar & Inamdar, 2016). For MI, nurses should encourage patients to engage in routine physical activity while in coronary artery disease, nurses should educate patients about quitting tobacco smoking to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and subsequent heart failure. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information.

Nursing Interventions to Prevent Problems with Multiple Drug Interactions

Most older adults take multiple drugs due to multiple underlying comorbidities. Similarly, Mrs. J has more than two chronic conditions which increase her risk of non-compliance and an adverse drug event. To reduce the likelihood of an adverse drug event, American Geriatrics Society et al (2015) suggest that, healthcare providers should use the Beers Criteria. Besides, the clinician should schedule Mrs. J for regular follow-up visits when drug reviews will be conducted before eliminating drugs with no therapeutic effect. Education should emphasize the need to appropriately organize all the drugs to prevent overdosage or under-dosage. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information.

Health Promotion and Restoration Teaching Plan

Managing chronic illnesses such as hypertension, asthma, type 2DM, and COPD requires patient involvement in several activities. Louvaris et al (2015) recommend that, in patients with COPD, it is important to consider cardiac rehabilitation with a focus on compliance to medications, maintaining healthy nutrition, and engaging