INTRODUCTION The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs) was adopted in 2015 by the United Nations’ General Assembly as replacement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (Machingura and Nicola, 2018). The United Nations share the mission of attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as provided in the Agenda 2030. Under UN’s theme to ''Leave No One Behind'', the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development requires countries to put efforts and actions to end poverty, hunger, diseases, prosperity, peace etc (WHO, 2017). According to Stuart and Samman (2017), the 2030 Agenda pledge of ‘leaving no one behind’ implies eradicating extreme poverty, reducing inequalities among the poorest and most marginalised people as well as ensuring the health and wellbeing of people. The SDG has 17 Goals with 169 related targets. Goal 3 relates directly to health, while Sustainable Development Goals such as goal 1 (poverty); goal 2 (hunger); goal 4 (education); goal 5 (gender); goal 6 (water); goal 10 (inequality); goal 11 (cities); goal 13 (climate); and goal 16 (inclusive societies) have indirectly influence on health (WHO, 2017). SDG 3 has the goal to "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". For example Goal 3 target 1 has the objective to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. Target 8 aims at Achieving universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services, medicines and vaccines for all. Goal 3 target 2 is to end preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age, aim to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12/1000 live births and under-five mortalities to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births. Goal 3 target 3 aims at ending the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases. Goal 3 target 4 aims at reducing by one third premature mortality from
non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. In fact Goal 3 and other health related SDG goals are to ensure that no one is left behind. This calls for health governance and actions by various governments, organizations, and stakeholders. Therefore, the objectives of this discussions are to: contextualize the SDGs to leave no one behind in health; discuss some of the key health risks related to the social and/or commercial determinants of health in relation to the relevant SDG targets; and critically evaluate the role of global organisations and their response to your identified risk area. GLOBALIZATION, HEALTH TRANSITION AND RISK Public health policies and practices have been challenged by globalization. Globalization have both direct and indirect effects on health (Labonté, Mohindra, and Schrecker, 2011). “Whether it is the risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis or pandemic influenza, the movement of people means the transport of pathogens” (Labonté, Mohindra, and Schrecker, 2011). Globalization contributed not only to the emergence of new infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, SARS, Ebola etc but contributed to the return of familiar diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera, in which the burden falls almost on poor countries (Labonté, Mohindra, and Schrecker, 2011). Low- and middle-income countries encounter double burdens of increasing communicable and non-communicable diseases. This indicates that health risks are in transition as a result of globalization and other determinants of health. In fact, the risks that disturb or impact populations shift over time, especially from infectious diseases to those that increase non-communicable diseases (WHO, 2009). Low-income countries (populations) are affected mostly by the “traditional risks” related to under-nutrition, unsafe water, unsafe sex
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