Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution Introduction

Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution

Introduction

Heart disease is a general term used for various heart conditions. Specific heart conditions are characterized by different symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment methods (CDC, 2022). Further, heart conditions are usually named according to the specific area of the heart they affect. Currently, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. In 2020, heart disease was directly linked to the death of 697,000 people, which reflects one in every five deaths (CDC, 2022). Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the world’s most common type of heart disease. In 2020, CAD accounted for the death of 382,820 people, which is more than half the total number of death caused by heart disease (CDC, 2022). According to the CDC, 7.2% (more than 20 million) of adults above twenty years have CAD. CAD is usually caused by the narrowing of the arteries, which inhibits blood flow to the heart (CDC, 2022). These statistics speak to the gravity of the health condition, which is slowly becoming a pandemic in the United States. Additionally, the government spent more than $ 229 billion in the financial year 2017/2018 to deal with heart disease (CDC, 2022). The other common types of heart disease include; congenital heart failure (CHF), arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and heart valve disease (Tsao et al., 2022).

According to research, there are various major risk factors for CAD and heart disease in general. These include alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, and genetics. Alcohol drinking weakens the heart muscle, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood, leading to various heart conditions. Excessive alcohol consumption has also been linked to high blood pressure, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Smoking, on the other hand, causes heart disease in various ways. First, nicotine narrows the airways causing multiple heart conditions. Heart disease is incurable, and there primary and secondary prevention is the main focus of the prevention and treatment of heart disease. This study will focus on the intervention in addressing the healthcare issue.

Leadership and Change Management

Secondary prevention of heart disease requires various changes in the patient’s lifestyle. To institute these changes and accomplish optimal care for the patient, the nurses should implement multiple leadership strategies. Transformational leadership is characterized by inspiration, motivation, and self-drive. In this regard, the leader motivates and inspires the group to work towards the set goal and vision. Transformational leadership is anchored on four basic principles: idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and individualized consideration. Intellectual stimulation is characterized by innovation, while idealized influence is characterized by trust, passion, and leading by example. This leadership style has been widely used in all sectors of the economy, including nursing.

According to Collins et al. (2020), transformational leadership has many advantages, including enhancing patient outcomes. The article argues that transformational leadership is essential for improving the quality of care as it reduces hospital stay re-hospitalization and enhances the patient experience of care. On the other hand, Boamah et al. (2018) analyzed the influence of the leadership strategy on patient safety and job satisfaction. According to the study, transformational leadership creates an enabling friend that is good for both the patient and the nurses and hospital staff. This leadership style will be essential in setting and accomplishing smart goals. These goals include healthy eating, physical activity, and medication adherence.

Change management is also essential in changing the lifestyle of the patient in primary and secondary prevention of the disease. Change management is defined as the aspect of managing change in an organization. In this regard, there are various aspects of change management that had an influence on this intervention. These aspects of change management include having an opportunity to influence the change, being prepared for the change, and valuing the change. (Nilsen et al., 2020). These aspects of change management enable the patient to participate fully in the change and understand its influence on his lifestyle and its benefit on his health.

Additionally, Lewins three-stage model will be used to effect the change. The model has three major stages termed unfreezing, change, and refreezing. The model was developed by Kurt Lewin in 1940,s and has been used by many organizations to implement change over the past (Hussain et al., 2018). The first step unfreezing, is characterized by analyzing the different ways that actualize the change and help people let g