| Translation (T1) research | Descriptive research (quantitative and qualitative research) | Observations (Similarities/Differences) | |
| Methodology | This research type is focused on the conversion of non-human research studies into human research studies to include the use of human subjects. It is intended to develop medical interventions and treatments for humans. There are three main methodologies that are applied in T1 research. The first methodology is observation studies. The second methodology is case studies. The third methodology is phase I and II clinical trials. The three methodologies are intended to verify whether the presented notions from basic research can be applied to human subjects (Wehling, 2015).Translational Research Graphic Organizer. It is important to note that basic research conducted prior to T1 research mainly collects information that is then translated to human subjected in T1 research. The basic research tests medical interventions and treatments on non-human mediums and models. Translational Research Graphic Organizer.Both T1 and basic research apply the same methodologies and approaches, although they have differences in the mediums/models as T1 uses humans whereas basic research does not use human subjects. It is important to note that T1 can also use animal models to approximate effects on humans. As such, methodologies used in T1 research seek to understand how the unique physiology of humans is affected (Shahzad, 2015).Translational Research Graphic Organizer. | This research type is focused on gaining an understanding of the environmental context in which a population or subject exists (Creswell & Clark, 2017). It applies three main methodologies. Firstly, observation that involves conducting a scrutiny of the subject’s environment without engaging the subject directly. It can collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data includes numerical values (such as height, weight and age) that can be statistically analyzed to better understand and model the population. The qualitative data includes recordings of the population characteristics that explain experiences of interest, such as opinions about a medical facility or perspectives on a government program (Kubben, Domentier & Dekker, 2019).
Secondly, a case study involves conducting a cursory analysis of a subject with the intention of informing future more comprehensive studies. It begins with a hypothesis being developed then tested by conducting an in-depth study of the relationship between the variables presented in the study as it related to the population of interest (Kubben, Domentier & Dekker, 2019).Translational Research Graphic Organizer. Thirdly, a survey requires that the subject be presented with questions whose answers would offer a better understand of the issue of interest. The questions are presented in surveys, questionnaires and polls (Kubben, Domentier & Dekker, 2019). |
There is a similarity between methodology applied in T1 and descriptive research. The two collect data through the use of case studies and observations.
Although there is a similarity between the two, they are basically different as they have different focus areas. T1 is focused on turning basic research into medical treatment and intervention that can be applied in practice with predictable results. T1 is the first step in the translation process and its results determine whether the intervention or treatment can be accepted for use among humans. In contrast, descriptive research is focused on understanding how members of a population relate with their environment. |
| Goals | T1 research addresses one main goal: it is intended to determine if a medical treatment or intervention that was in research models and non-human subjects could work for human subjects and what would be the results. It turns basic research into human research by presenting proof of concept (Wehling, 2015). | Descriptive research describes characteristics and data related to a subjected in order to develop an understand of how the subject relates to its environment with the understanding being generalized for the population (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019). It addresses five main goals. Firstly, it seeks to understand how subjects interact with their environment. Secondly, it develops an understanding of how time as a variable influence how the subject relates to the environment. It tracks change over time.
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