Using the data on the \”National Cancer Institute Data\” Excel spreadsheet, calculate the descriptive statistics indicated below for each of the Race/Ethnicity groups. Refer to your textbook and the Topic Materials, as needed, for assistance in with creating Excel formulas.

Using the data on the \”National Cancer Institute Data\” Excel spreadsheet, calculate the descriptive statistics indicated below for each of the Race/Ethnicity groups. Refer to your textbook and the Topic Materials, as needed, for assistance in with creating Excel formulas.

Analysis of The Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics is important in revealing special data trends in a population (Mishra et al.,2019). It can be used to explore disease trends such as diabetes (Abe et al.,2021), cancer, and other conditions among populations. The analyzed data was obtained from the National Cancer Institute, lung and bronchus cancer (“National Cancer”, n.d). The data has been expressed in terms of rates per one hundred thousand. The ethnic races considered in the data include whites (includes Hispanic), Hispanic (any race), black (includes Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic), and American Indian/Alaska Native (Includes Hispanic). The analyzed data covered the years 2000 to 2015.

The mean data covering the sixteen years shows that the blacks had the highest rates of cancer at 70.06 while the Hispanics had the lowest rates at 31.493. Median rates for the groups included 43.85, 38.9, 71.4, 32.1 and 64.55. It is also important to explore mode as part of descriptive statistics. Only three racial groups had mode, including Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and whites. The observed modes were 36.6, 34.1, and 65.8 respectively. Variance was also calculated, with the blacks having the largest variance of 45.42 while the Asian/Pacific Islanders had the least variance at 5.679. The black race also recorded the highest range at 21.6, followed by the American Indian/Alaska Native at 19.7. The least variance was observed in Hispanics, where a value of 9 was observed. It is observable that the black has high rates, hence there is a need to use various approaches to reduce cancer rates. One of the recommended approaches is the use of culture-tailored education (Zhou et al.,2019). Another approach is early screening (Shah et al.,2019)

References

Abe, T., Egbuche, O., Igwe, J., Jegede, O., Wagle, B., Olanipekun, T., & Onwuanyi, A. (2021). Cardiovascular complications in COVID‐19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, 4(2), e00218. Doi: 10.1002/edm2.218

Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Faca.ACA_157_18

National Cancer Institute. (n.d).Cancer stat facts: Lung and bronchus cancer. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html

Shah, S. C., Kayamba, V., Peek Jr, R. M., & Heimburger, D. (2019). Cancer control in low-and middle-income countries: is it time to consider screening?. Journal of Global Oncology, 5, 1-8. Doi: 10.1200/JGO.18.00200

Zhou, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Yang, Y., Fang, W., Hong, S., … & Zhang, L. (2019). Education and lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 48(3), 743-750. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz121